Electricity Sources
- Fuel consumption data, power generation data for Indian States and U.T.'s : Central Electrical Authority - All India Electricity Statistics (General Review - 2006).
-
India power generation, fuel NCV's & IPCC GHG
emission factors :
http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/2CY23TDSB9TF6YSDX3IS6Z5Z3DJWVR
- Electricity purchase & sale data for Indian States and U.T.'s : Central Electrical Authority - All India Electricity Statistics (General Review - 2006).
Electricity Assumptions
- Zero emissions assumed for non-fossil fuel based energy generation i.e. solar, hydro, nuclear, wind and any other renewable.
- Electricity related emissions are augmented with a transmission distribution loss factor of 1.56.
- Only state-specific electricity generation considered for emissions coefficient calculation. Contribution of national grid to states not included.
Fuel Sources
- LPG fuel energy and GHG emissions data : Greenhouse Implications Of Household Stoves - An Analysis for India by Kirk R. Smith, R. Uma, V.V.N. Kishore, Junfeng Zhang, V. Joshi, and M.A.K. Khalil.
- Prices of LPG in metro-cities : Indian Oil Corporation.
- PNG Fuel tariff data : Mahanagar Gas Limited.
-
PNG fuel energy and GHG emissions data :
http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/2CY23TDSB9TF6YSDX3IS6Z5Z3DJWVR
Milk Sources
- Dairy animals population data : Indian Academy of Sciences - Current Science Journal.
- Indian livestock milk production data : Govt. of India, Ministry of Agriculture - Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Fisheries.
- Nationwide and Statewise GHG emissions from dairy livestock activities : Indian Academy of Sciences - Current Science Journal.
- Methane emissions per milk yield ratio data : Indian Academy of Sciences - Current Science Journal.
- GHG emissions from livestock activities (WORLD) : United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Report - Livestock's Long Shadow - Environmental Issues and Options.
Meat Sources
- Indian non-dairy livestock population details and respective contribution to methane generation data : Indian Academy of Sciences - Current Science Journal.
- CH4 emissions from livestock activities (INDIA) data : Indian Academy of Sciences - Current Science Journal.
- GHG emissions from livestock activities (WORLD) data : United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Report - Livestock's Long Shadow - Environmental Issues and Options.
- Animal slaughter and average animal yield data : GOI Ministry of Agriculture - Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Fisheries.
Meat Assumptions
- Chicken and fish excluded in this version of the Simple Calculator.
- 200 grams meat assumed to be consumed per meal (based on household level sampling).
- All non-dairy livestock emissions attributed to meat production.
Rice Sources
- Rice Production data : Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.
- India rice cultivation GHG emissions data : Indian Institute of Science - Greenhouse gas emissions from India : A perspective by Subodh Sharma, Sumana Bhattacharya, and Amit Garg.
Rice Assumptions
- 150 grams rice assumed to be consumed per meal (based on household level sampling).
City Travel Sources
- Autorickshaw tariff data (Mumbai) : Mumbai Traffic Control. Branch
- Autorickshaw fleet data (Mumbai) : The Energy Research Institute (TERI) and Mahanagar Gas.
- Autorickshaw GHG emissions and fuel economy data : Automotive Research Institute of India (ARAI) and The Energy Research Institute (TERI).
- Taxi Tariff data (Mumbai) : Mumbai Traffic Control Branch.
- Taxi fleet data (Mumbai) : The Energy Research Institute (TERI) and Mahanagar Gas.
- Taxi GHG emissions and fuel economy data : National Physics Laboratory, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Ohio Supercomputer Institute (USA) and The Energy Research Institute (TERI).
- AC Taxi Tariff data : Approximated from Regular Taxi tariff card.
- AC Taxi GHG emissions data : Approximated from Regular Taxi GHG emissions.
- BEST Mumbai Fare Structure (Mumbai) :
- BEST Bus Fleet data :
- BEST Bus Service - Operation Statistics data : Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT).
- Public Transport passenger load factor data (Mumbai) : Indian Institute of Technology.
- Bus fuel economy data : The Energy Research Institute (TERI).
- BEST AC Bus tariff structure (Mumbai) :
- BEST AC Bus fleet data (Mumbai) :
- Annual electricity consumption by local trains data : Indian Railways - Financial Statements and Operating Statistics, 2006 - 2007.
- Average speed data for local trains : Indian Railways - Financial Statements and Operating Statistics, 2006 - 2007.
- Annual passenger-kilometers data for local trains : Indian Railways - Financial Statements and Operating Statistics, 2006 - 2007.
- Charter bus fuel economy data : The Energy Research Institute (TERI).
- Charter bus average speed data : The Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
City Travel Assumptions
- Single occupancy assumed.
- Mumbai city tariff structure assumed for all cities in this version of the Simple Calculator. This will be gradually replaced with city specific data in the future.
- Age distribution of vehicles is considered to be uniform across the following time periods: 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010.
- AC Taxi Fuel consumption/km assumed to be 33% higher than regular taxi.
- AC Bus Fuel consumption/km assumed to be 33% higher than regular bus.
- Average all-India suburban services data assumed to be applicable to all cities. Does not include data from Delhi and Kolkata Metro.
- Passenger load factor for charter/school bus assumed to be 100%.
- Charter/School bus capacity assumed to be equal to single-decker BEST (Mumbai) Bus.
Private Vehicle Sources
- Price of fuel in metro cities : Indian Oil Corporation.
- GHG emission factors for automotive fuels : Emissions Inventory of India by Amit Garg & P. R. Shukla and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), UK.
- Average vehicular occupancy data : The Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
- Vehicular per hour GHG emissions data : National Physics Laboratory, Bajaj Auto Ltd., and Ohio Supercomputer Institute (USA).
- Average vehicular occupancy data : The Pew Center on Global Climate Change.
- Urban vehicle fleet composition data : The Energy Research Institute (TERI).
Long Distance Travel Sources
- Aircraft speed and passenger capacity data : Aircraft manufacturer websites, The Travel Insider website, Airliners.net.
- International aviation load factor data : Director General Of Civil Aviation (DGCA) - Air Transport Statistics for the year 2003-2004.
- Aircraft - cruise mode fuel consumption data : European Environmental Agency - CORINAIR Report (2001 & 2006).
- Aircraft - Landing/Take-Off (LTO) Cycle GHG Emissions data : 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
- Aviation fuel GHG emission coefficient : European Environmental Agency - CORINAIR Report (2001 & 2006).
- Domestic airline fleet data : Airfleets.net and individual airline websites.
- Aircraft speed and passenger capacity data : Aircraft manufacturer websites, The Travel Insider website, Airliners.net.
- Domestic aviation load factor data : Director General Of Civil Aviation (DGCA) - Air Transport Statistics for the year 2005-2006.
- Domestic passenger traffic data : Director General Of Civil Aviation (DGCA) - Air Transport Statistics for the year 2003-2004.
- Aircraft - cruise mode fuel consumption data : European Environmental Agency - CORINAIR Report (2001 & 2006).
- Aircraft - Landing/Take-Off (LTO) Cycle GHG Emissions data : 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
- Aviation fuel GHG emission coefficient : European Environmental Agency CORINAIR Report (2001 & 2006).
- Indian Railways diesel fuel and electricity consumption data : Indian Railways Annual Reports - 2006-07.
- Indian railways passenger traffic and kilometer performance data : Indian Railways Annual Reports - 2006-07.
- Average intercity (Volvo) bus capacity data : Specifications of Volvo vehicle exhibits at Euro Bus Expo 2006.
Long Distance Travel Assumptions
- International air travel calculations based on a uniform distribution of following long-range aircrafts: Boeing 747, Boeing 777, and Airbus A330.
- Domestic air travel calculations for the 'average' condition based on uniform distribution of flights (distance) and across all aircraft types owned by airlines in India.
- For international air travel, the following definitions are implicit: Short trip = upto 4 hours, Medium trip = between 4 hours and 8 hours, Long trip = 8 hours and longer.
- For domestic air travel, the following definitions are implicit: Short trip = upto 45 minutes, Medium trip = between 45 minutes and 90 minutes, Long trip = 90 minutes and longer.
- Fuel use for activities other than locomotive operation has been largely ignored for Rail Travel Calculations - only Diesel Fuel use included in inventory.
- Broad gauge rail travel used as representative scenario as it is the most predominant format.
- For long distance train travel, the following definitions are implicit: Short trip = upto 4 hours, Medium trip = between 4 and 12 hours, Long Trip = 12 hours and longer.
- For intercity (VOLVO) bus travel, the following definitions are implicit: Short trip = upto 4 hours, Medium trip = between 4 and 12 hours, Long Trip = 12 hours and longer.
- Passenger load factor for intercity (VOLVO) bus assumed to be 100%.
- Average speed for intercity (VOLVO) bus assumed to be 55 kmph.
